CSR as Corporate Power. A Communication View Facebook Approach: An Exploratory Study

Authors

  • Anca Diana ȘERBAN National University of Political Studies and Public Administration

Abstract

This article aims to operationalize and measure the power of corporate communication and the main strategies that Romanian companies use to communicate their CSR campaigns on Facebook. The study conducts an extensive survey designed to emphasize the corporate communication indicators of power within CSR communication on Facebook and their correlation with the CSR communication strategy used by the first 100 biggest companies in Romania according to their turnover. The most important findings refer to the practice of Romanian companies of using their Facebook pages, primarily in order to expand their market, and less for reaching the confidence of their stakeholders. Thus, they profess their preference for visibility against trust. Romanian companies mainly use the self-centered strategy to communicate their CSR actions on Facebook, which means that the indicatives „relationship” and „co-creation” are very weak from the company’s point of view. The resistance to power is strong on the stakeholders’ side. As a result, it can be observed that there is a big pressure from the stakeholders’ point of view concerning the CSR communication on Facebook, in Romania. While companies try to sell their products or services through Facebook, stakeholders try to establish a relationship and consolidate a trust liaison with the companies they choose to buy from. In this context, it can be acknowledged that companies would rather respond to stakeholders’ questions or inquiries, than be proactive and anticipate some of their needs or complaints.

References

Achrol, R.S., and Kotler, P. (1999). Marketing in the Network Economy. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 146-163.

Argenti, P.A. (2006). How technology has influenced the field of corporate communication. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 20(3), 357-370.

Argenti, P.A., and Forman, J. (2002). The Power of Corporate Communication: Crafting the Voice and Image of Your Business. New York: McGraw Hill Professional.

Arsenault, A., and Castells, M. (2008). The Structure and Dynamics of Global Multi-Media Business Networks. International Journal of Communication, 2(1), 707-748.

Bansón, E., and Ratkai, M. (2012). A set of metrics to assess stakeholder engagement and social legitimacy on a corporate Facebook page. Online Information Review, 37(5), 787-803.

Beck, U. (2005). Power in the Global Age. A new global political economy. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Bennet, L.W. (2003). New Media Power. The Internet and Global Activism. In Couldry, N. and Curran, J. (Eds.) Contesting media power: Alternative media in a networked world (pp.17-37). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Birth, G., and Illia, L. (2007). Communicating CSR: practices among Switzerland’s top 300 Companies. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 13(2), 182-196.

Blackshaw, P., and Nazzaro, M. (2006). Consumer-Generated Media (CGM) 101: Word-of-mouth in the age of the Web-fortified consumer. Retrieved from http://www.nielsenonline.com/downloads/us/ buzz/nbzm_wp_CGM101.pdf.

Blombäck, A., and Scandelius, C. (2013). Corporate heritage in CSR communication: a means to responsible brand image?. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 18(3), 362-382.

Capriotti, P. (2011). Communicating corporate social responsibility through the internet and social media. In Ihlen, Ø., Bartlett, J., and May, S. (Eds.). Handbook of communication and corporate social responsibility (pp.358-379). Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell.

Cardoso, G. (2008). From Mass to Networked Communication: Communicational Models and the Informational Society. International Journal of Communication, 2(3), 587-630.

Carim, L., and Warwick C. (2013). Use of social media for corporate communications by research-funding organisations in the UK. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 521-525.

Castells, M. (2000). Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society. The British Journal of Sociology, 51(1), 5-24.

Castells, M. (2007). Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society. International Journal of Communication, 1(2), 238-266.

Castells, M. (2009). Communication Power. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Castells, M. (2010). The rise of the Network Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Castells, M. (2011). A Network Theory of Power. International Journal of Communication, 5(3), 773-787.

Colleoni, E. (2013). CSR communication strategies for organizational legitimacy in social media. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 18(2), 228-248.

Commission of the European Communities. (2001). Green Paper - Promoting a European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.

Cornelissen, J. (2011). Corporate Communication. A guide to Theory and Practice. London: SAGE Publications.

Cornelissen, J., van Bekkum, T., and van Ruler, B. (2006). Corporate Communications: A Practice-based Theoretical Conceptualization. Corporate Reputation Review, 9(2), 114-133.

Crișan, C., and Zbuchea, A. (2015). CSR and Social Media: Could Online Repositories Become Regulatory Tools for CSR Related Activities’ Reporting? In Grigore, G., and Adi, A. (Eds.) Corporate Social Responsibility in the Digital Age (pp.197-219). Bingley: Emerald.

Dawkins, J. (2004). Corporate responsibility: the communication challenge. Journal of Communication Management, 9(2), 108-119.

Dawkins, J., and Lewis, S. (2003). CSR in Stakeholder Expectations: And Their Implication for Company Strategy. Journal of Business Ethics, 44(2/3), 185-193.

De Bakker, F. (2012). Exploring Networks of Activism on Corporate Social Responsibility: Suggestions for a Research Agenda. Creativity and Inovation Management, 21(2), 212- 223.

Dellarocas, C. (2003). The digitization of word of mouth: promise and challenges of online feedback mechanisms. Management Science, 49(10), 1407-1424.

Dowling, J., and Pfeffer, J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: social values and organizational behavior. The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122-136.

Foman, J., and Argenti, P.A. (2005). How corporate communication influences Strategy implementation, Reputation and the corporate Brand: An exploratory Qualitative Study. Corporate Reputation Review, 8(3), 245-264.

Fukukawa, K., Balmer, J.M.T., and Gray, E.R. (2007). Mapping the Interface Between Corporate Identity, Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 76(1), 1-5.

Gilles, R.P., Lazarova, E.A., and Ruys, P.H.M. (2015). Stability in a network economy: The role of institutions. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 119(C), 375-399.

Habermas, J., and McCarthy, T. (1977). Hannah Arendt’s Communications Concept of Power. Social Research, 44(1), 3-24.

Hearn, G., Foth, M., and Gray, H. (2009). Applications and implementations of new media in corporate communication. Am action research approach. Corporate Communications: An international journal, 14(1), 49-61.

Howard, P.N. (2006). New Media Campaign and the Managed Citizen. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Ihator, A.S. (2001). Communication style in the information age. Corporate Communications, 6(4), 199-204.

Jeong, H.J. (2011). The effectiveness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) campaigns on consumer responses to brands in social media: impression management perspectives. Dissertation thesis, Michigan State University. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.msu.edu/islandora/object/etd%3A567/dat astream/OBJ/view.

Johansen, T.S., and Nielsen, A.E. (2012). CSR in corporate self-storying – legitimacy as a question of differentiation and conformity. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(4), 434-448.

Kaplan, A.M., and Haenlein, M. (2010). Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social media. Business Horizons, 53(1), 59-68.

Kaul, A., and Chaudhri, V. (2015). Social Media: The New Mantra for Managing Reputation. VIKALPA The Journal for Decision Makers, 40(4), 455-491.

Kazaka, O. (2011). Corporate Communication in Social Media in Latvia. Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Social Analysis, 1(2), 241–259.

Kesavan, R., Bernacchi, M.D., and Mascarenhas, O.A.J. (2013). Word of Mouse: CSR Communication and the Social Media. International Management Review, 9(1), 58-66.

Latour, B. (2005). Ressembeling thr Social. An introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lee, S.Y. (2015). Can Compnies Gain CSR Reputation via Social Media? In Kaul, A. and Chaudhri, V. (Coord.) Social Media: The New Mantra for Managing Reputation. VIKALPA The Journal for Decision Makers, 40(4), 475-478.

Mairinger, M. (2008). Branding 2.0—Using Web 2.0 principles to build an open source brand. Electronic Markets, 18(2), 117-129.

Marichal, J. (2012). Facebook Democracy: the Architecture of Disclosure and the Threat to Public Life. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing.

Miller, D., and Mooney, G. (2010). Introduction to the themed issue. Corporate power: Agency, communication, influence and social policy. Critical Social Policy, 30(4), 459-471.

Morsing, M., and Schultz, M. (2006). Corporate social responsibility communication: stakeholder information, response and involvement strategies. Business Ethics: A European Review, 15(4), 323-338.

Nahon, K.B. (2007). Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: a framework for exploring information control. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(11), 1418-1426.

Pitt, L.F., Watson, R.T., Berthon, P., Wynn, D., and Zinkhan, G. (2006). The penguin’s window: Corporate brands from an open-source perspective. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 34(2), 115-127.

Ros-Diego, V.-J., and Castelló-Martínez, A. (2012). CSR communication trough online social media. Revista Latina de Comunicació Social, 67(1), 47-66.

Scaraboto, D. (2015). Selling, Sharing, and Evrithing In Beyween: The Hybrid Economies of Collaborative Networks. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(1), 152-176.

Schmeltz, L. (2011). Consumer-oriented CSR communication: focusing on ability or morality?. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(1), 29-49.

Schor, J.B., Fitzmaurice, C., Carfanga, L.B., and Attwood-Charles, W. (2015). Paradoxes of openness and distintion in the sharing economy”. Poetics. 54(1), 66-81.

Schultz, F., Castello, I., and Morsing, M. (2013). The Construction of Corporate Social Responsibility in Network Societies: A Communication View. Journal of Business Ethics, 115(4), 681-692.

Schultz, F., and Wehmeier, S. (2010). Institutionalization of corporate social responsibility within corporate communications: Combining institutional, sensemaking and communication perspectives. Corporate Communicatons: An International Journal, 15(1), 9-29.

Șerban, A.D. (2015). How Personal Values Influence Romanian CSR Managers’ Involvment in CSR Campaigns. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 3(4), 729-749.

Shapiro, C., and Varian, H.R. (2013). Information rules: a strategic guide to the network economy. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard Business School Press.

Simmons, G., Thomas, B., and Truong, Y. (2010). Managing i-branding to create brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 44(9), 1260-1285.

Smith, A.D. (2007). Making the case for the competitive advantage of corporate social responsibility. Business Strategy Series, 8(3), 186-195.

Suchman, M.C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571-610.

Tata, J., and Prasad, S. (2015). CSR Communication: An Impresion Management Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 132(4), 765-778.

Uysal, N., and Yang, A. (2013). The power of activist networks in the mass self-communication era: A triangulation study of the impact of WikiLeaks on the stock value of Bank of America. Public Relations Review, 39(5), 459-469.

Vernuccio, M. (2014). Communicating Corporate Brands Through Social Media: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(3), 211-233.

Zbuchea, A. (2013). Are Customers Rewarding Responsible Businesses? On Overview of the Theory and Research in the Field of CSR. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 1(3), 367-385.

Downloads

Published

2016-03-24

How to Cite

ȘERBAN, A. D. (2016). CSR as Corporate Power. A Communication View Facebook Approach: An Exploratory Study. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 4(1), 31–61. Retrieved from https://www.managementdynamics.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/167

Issue

Section

Articles