Emotional Knowledge: the Hidden Part of the Knowledge Iceberg

Authors

  • Contantin BRĂTIANU Bucharest University of Economic Studies
  • Ivona ORZEA Bucharest University of Economic Studies

Abstract

According to Daniel Kahneman (2011), our thinking process is based on two systems: system 1 operates automatically and quickly, with little awareness of voluntary control, system2 operates slowly and constructs thoughts in a logic order. System 1 processes actually emotional knowledge using our unconscious cognitive capability. Cognitive scientists discovered that we are primarily emotional decision makers, which means that managers and leaders need to rely on their emotional knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to present a qualitative and quantitative research concerning the paradox of emotional knowledge. That means that on one hand most of us ignore emotional knowledge by identifying knowledge with cognitive knowledge, and on the other hand by using emotional knowledge in decision making. The qualitative research has been done by reflecting on knowledge management, strategic management and change management literature concerning emotional knowledge and emotional intelligence, while the quantitative research has been done by conceiving a questionnaire and using it in an academic environment. A total of 1200 questionnaires were distributed to the students of Bucharest University of Economic Studies, and we got a response rate of 37%. Each questionnaire contains 40 questions concerning the awareness, education, transfer, and management of emotional knowledge. The data has been processed with the help of the specialized software SPSS version 19, and AMOS version 18. Statistical analysis includes both exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis. The results of the statistical analysis reveal the main influence factors affecting our understanding of emotional knowledge, the way we learn through education about emotional knowledge, the way this knowledge is transferred, and the importance of using it by managers and leaders.

Author Biographies

Contantin BRĂTIANU, Bucharest University of Economic Studies

UNESCO Department for Business Administration, Faculty of Business Administration

Ivona ORZEA, Bucharest University of Economic Studies

Faculty of Business Administration

References

Bass, B.M., and Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational leadership. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Brătianu, C. (2011). Changing paradigm for knowledge metaphors from dynamics to thermodynamics, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 28, 160-169.

Brătianu, C., and Andriessen, D. (2008). Knowledge as energy: a metaphorical analysis, Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Knowledge Management (75-82). Southampton Solent University, UK, 4-5 September 2008. Reading: Academic Publishing.

Daft, L.R. (2008). The leadership experience. London: Thomson South-Western.

Damasio, A.R. (1994). Descartes’ error: emotion, reason and the human brain. New York: Avon Books.

Damasio, A.R. (1999). The feeling of what happens. New York: Harcourt Brace.

Ekman, P.E. (2003). Emotions revealed. Recognizing faces and feelings to improve communication and emotional life. New York: Times Books.

Fauconnier, G., and Turner, M. (2002). The way we think. Conceptual blending and the mind’s hidden complexities. New York: Basic Books.

Fenton-O’Creevy, M., Soane, E., Nicholson, N., and William, P. (2011). Thinking, feeling and deciding: the influence of emotions in decision making and performance of traders. Journal of Organizational Behavioral, 32, 1044-1061.

Frith, C. (2007). Making up the mind. How the brain creates our mental world. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Hess, J.D., and Bacigalupo, A.C. (2010). The emotionally intelligent leader, the dynamics of knowledge-based organizations and the role of emotional intelligence in organizational development, On the horizon, 18 (3), 222-229.

Hill, D. (2008). Emotionomics. Leveraging emotions for business success. London: Kogan Page.

Immordino-Yang, M.H., and Damasio, A.R. (2007). We feel, therefore we learn: The relevance of affective and social neuroscience to education. Mind, Brain, and Education, 1 (1), 3-10.

Jordan, J., Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K., and Finkelstein, S. (2013). Someone to look up to: executive-follower ethical reasoning and perceptions on ethical leadership. Journal of Management, 39 (3), 660-683.

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Kaufman, S.F. (1994). The martial artist’s book of five rings. The definitive interpretaition of Miyamoto Musashi’s classic book of strategy. Boston: Tuttle Publishing.

Koole, S.L. (2009). The psychology of emotion regulation: an integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 23 (1), 4-41.

Kotter, J.P. (1996). Leading change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Kotter, J.P. (2008). A sense of urgency. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Kotter, J.P. (2012). Accelerate. Harvard Business Review, November, 44-58.

Kotter, J.P. (2002) The heart of change. Real-life stories of how people change their organizations. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

Lagattuta, K.H., and Wellman, H.M. (2001). Thinking about the past: early knowledge about links between prior experience, thinking, and emotion. Child Development, 72 (1), 82-102.

LeDoux, J. (1999). The emotional brain. London: Phoenix.

Lindquist, K.A., and Barrett, L.F. (2008). Constructing emotion. The experience of fear as a conceptual act. Psychological Science, 19 (9), 898-903.

Madden, L.T., Duchon, D., Madden, T.H., and Plowman, D.A. (2012). Emergent organizational capacity for compassion. Academy of Management Review, 37 (4), 689-708.

Miller, A., Gouley, K.K., Seifer, R., Zakriski, A., Eguia, M., and Vergnani, M. (2005). Emotion knowledge skills in low-income elementary school children: associations with social status and peer

experience. Social Development, 14 (4), 637-651.

Miller, T., Wesley, II, C.L., and Williams, D.E. (2012). Educating the minds of caring hearts: comparing the views of practitioners and educators on the importance of social entrepreneurship competencies. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 11 (3), 349-370.

Mohrman, S.A., and Lawler III, E.E. (2012). Generating knowledge that drives change. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26 (1), 41-51.

Nag, R., and Gioia, D.A. (2012). From common to uncommon knowledge: foundations of firm-specific use of knowledge as a resource. Academy of Management Journal, 55 (2), 421-457.

Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5 (1), 14-37.

Nonaka, I., and Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge creating company. How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New York: Oxford University Press.

Nonaka, I., and Zhu, Z. (2012). Pragmatic strategy. Eastern wisdom, global success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Ohmae, K. (1982). The mind of the strategist. The art of Japanese Business. New York: McGraw-Hill.

O’Rorke, and P., Ortony, A. (1994). Explaining emotions, Cognitive Science, 18, 283-323.

Polanyi, M. (1983). The tacit dimension. Gloucester: Peter Smith.

Rafferty, A.E., Jimmieson, N.L., and Armenakis, A.D. (2013). Change readiness: a multilevel review. Journal of Management, 39 (1), 110-135.

Reus, T.H., and Liu, Y. (2004). Rhyme and reason: emotional capability and the performance of knowledge-intensive workgroups. Human Performance, 17 (2), 245-266.

Downloads

Published

2014-06-05

How to Cite

BRĂTIANU, C., & ORZEA, I. (2014). Emotional Knowledge: the Hidden Part of the Knowledge Iceberg. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 2(1), 41–56. Retrieved from https://www.managementdynamics.ro/index.php/journal/article/view/51

Issue

Section

Articles